range of motion.We dont want people banged up, he said.

Australias series loss to a low ranked Sri Lanka - currently at No. 7 in the ICC Test rankings - has meant that it is highly likely that the No. 1 spot changes hands by the end of this month.According the ICC rankings methodology, the penalty of losing a series to an opponent that is rated low is more than if the opponent were rated higher. For example, if Australia had been playing a similar three-match series against India (who are at 112 points as opposed to Sri Lankas 85), a 0-3 loss to them wouldve robbed them of about six points. A 0-3 loss to Sri Lanka, however, is going to cost Australia nine points, bringing down latters ratings to an approximate 108 points. Australias obvious weakness in the subcontinent, or Sri Lankas relative strength at home, does not have any bearing on how the ratings are calculated since the ICC methodology doesnt differentiate between home and away conditions.The erosion in Australias ratings gives other teams that werent too far behind the opportunity to make a grab at No. 1. England, Pakistan and India are all in with a chance of topping the rankings following their ongoing series. Here is how each of the current top four could end up at No. 1.Australia: They have to win the Colombo Test to have any chance of retaining their No. 1 ranking. Either England - with a win in the Oval Test - or India - with a 3-0 margin against West Indies - could topple them. Australia can hang on to their top spot even if the Oval Test is drawn and India dont win by a 3-0 margin.India: A draw in Kingston means that India have to win their remaining two Tests against West Indies to take the No. 1 spot. A 3-0 margin will bump them up to the top irrespective of results in the other series.England: A 3-1 series win against Pakistan will give them the No. 1 ranking provided India dont win by a margin of 3-0 against West Indies. Even a draw in the Oval Test can give them the top spot if Australia dont win the Colombo Test and India win only one of their remaining two Tests against West Indies.Pakistan: They have to win the Oval Test and hope India dont beat West Indies by a margin bigger than 2-0 and Australia dont win the Colombo Test. Cheap Air Max 90 Mens . The International Olympic Committee released the official list of bid cities on Friday after the deadline for applications had passed. The candidates -- all previously announced in their own countries -- are: Almaty, Kazakhstan; Beijing; Krakow, Poland; Lviv, Ukraine; Oslo, Norway; and Stockholm. Off White x Air Max 90 All Black . 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Rob Manfred, baseballs chief operating officer, testified last week during the grievance filed by the players union to overturn Rodriguezs 211-game suspension. A person familiar with the hearing, speaking on condition of anonymity, told The Associated Press on Saturday that Manfred testified the sport wasnt concerned whether Bosch distributed performance-enhancing drugs to minors because MLBs interest was his relationship with players under investigation. RIO DE JANEIRO -- They are the purple circles that set social media on fire Sunday night, the circular bruises on Michael Phelps right shoulder that left television viewers around the world wondering if the most decorated Olympian of all-time had contracted some rare skin disease, been attacked by an octopus, or perhaps was part-Dalmatian.The answer, of course, was none of the above. The bruises were the result of a form of cupping therapy Phelps had endured Sunday morning to treat some shoulder discomfort that set in after waiting in line for 40 minutes at the Olympic Village wearing a backpack. A day later, the mysterious circles became an international inquisition. Following Phelps prelim swim in the 200 butterfly on Monday, the first question a reporter asked a perplexed Phelps was about cupping.Ive done this for a while, he said. I asked for a little cupping yesterday and [trainer Keenan Robinson] hit me pretty hard with one and it left a couple bruises.Robinson, USA Swimmings director of high performance, was equally entertained Monday, suggesting that all the attention over the $30 cups was missing the bigger picture of all that goes into preparing Phelps and other athletes to compete at their highest levels.Its like asking a chef about his garnish when youre missing the main meal, Robinson said. Youve got this beautiful steak and vegetable medley -- thats what youre paying $75 for. Not the garnish. But this recovery modality shows the blemishes when he walks around, so people ask.The practice of Chinese cupping has been around for more than 2,000 years. But Robinson and USA Swimming chiropractor Kevin Rindal said that the form of therapy used on Phelps is somewhat different. Its essentially the opposite of a massage, using the suction from perfectly circular cups to manipulate and help separate the various layers of fascia and muscle beneath the skin. The end result is decreased discomfort and an increase in range of motion.Think of us as an Indy Car pit crew, Rindal said, looking at the structure and alignment of the vehicle to see if there is any kind of drag or anything. And if you think of how close these racers are, a little bit of restriction adds up in each stroke and can prevent a full reach. Its basically the fine-tuning of the tissue.Robinson, Phelps longtime trainer, said he has been using the therapy on Phelps since the fall of 2014. He brought the idea to the swimmer as a way to help the then-29-year-old recover from his two-a-day training sessions.Mike is probably the best at telling you whats voodoo and whats actually working, Robinson said. Hee was like, OK Keen-dog, what are you bringing me this time? But then hell do it and instantaneously hell tell you its hokey-pokey business or if its kind of effective.ddddddddddddPhelps took to the treatment and, according to Robinson, has used it about twice a week since. Sometimes it can leave dark red bruises, other times there is no mark at all. The visibility of the bruising or lack thereof has no impact on whether or not the sometimes painful therapy has been effective. Since Phelps began using the treatment several other athletes have followed suit, including Dana Vollmer, who has already won two medals in Rio 17 months after giving birth.I know it looks weird but it really helps with blood flow, helps pull swelling out of different areas, she said. It works great for a lot of us.Added U.S. teammate Cody Miller: Its superficial bruising. Its not real bruising. Your muscle tissue isnt torn up in there. Its pulling blood into a certain area where tension has built. Its great. My fiancee does it to me in training.Robinson said that the training staff is constantly evaluating all the U.S. swimmers and the tension, stress and range of motion in their joints. Everything from massages to stretching to ice baths to the Graston technique, a form of therapy that uses instruments to massage the skin, can be used to treat inflammation or increase range of motion.We dont want people banged up, he said. We dont want broken products here at the Games.Not everyone agrees the cupping treatment even works. As is often the case with any type of alternative therapy, it takes just a few minutes online to find a detractor who doesnt believe there is a correlation between the treatment and athletic success. Robinson suggests the naysayers are wrong.Im not just going to throw a stick of butter on him and say, Well, I read that Usain Bolt or whoever is doing this, Robinson said. Im going to have an educated approach to it. You can stand on either side of the spectrum that it doesnt work. But we know the science says it is not detrimental and in some cases can really help out.In other words, its the latest in a long line of high-performance therapy fads that include everything from electrotherapy and cryotherapy (ice baths) to Kinesio tape and acupuncture needles. But this one has now been endorsed by the most decorated Olympian of all-time, after one of the most impressive races of his career.Its going to blow-up now, Robinson said. Actually, it just did. ' ' '